David Todd is a member of the Centre for History and Economics of the University of Cambridge and a Research Fellow at Trinity Hall. His research looks at the invention of free trade and protectionism in France and Europe in the 19th century. He wrote “John Bowring and the Global Dissemination of Free Trade”, Historical Journal, 51 (2008), p. 373-397, and published L’Identité économique de la France. Libre-échange et protectionnisme, 1814-1851, Grasset, 2008.